Water filters are designed for specific types of contaminant.

This page gives a short introduction to all of the commonly used filters and also to some less common ones.

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Distillers

Distillation, according to John Archer's informative book on water, "The Water You Drink", is an ancient method where you heat water until it vaporizes. As the water vaporizes, bacteria, minerals and most other substances are left behind. The steam cools and condenses into relatively pure water.

Distilled water tastes flat because it has lost its dissolved oxygen.

The process is not effective against chemicals which have a boiling point below that of water. Volatile substances such as ammonia are carried over into the condensation chamber. This may include nasties such as Trihalomethanes, chloroform, trichloroethylene, and phenol. He recommends the addition of silver activated charcoal water filters.

Most distillers are slow, producing about 3 liters per hour. Stills have to be cleaned regularly and as boiling releases a lot of chlorine byproducts, it needs to be in an adequately ventilated area.

There have been a number of reviews of the distillation process including an infamous one by Dr. Zoltan P Rona.

There are four basic water filters :

• Distiller

• Reverse Osmosis Filters

• Activated Carbon Water Filters

• Backwash

REVERSE OSMOSIS

A technology that was originally designed to desalinate seawater, Reverse Osmosis Filters or RO are used widely to provide industry with purified water. It's a natural process adapted by technology which operates when two liquids of different concentrations are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. Water passes through the membrane towards the more concentrated solution. In home systems, this water is forced under pressure against an ultrafine semi-permeable membrane so fine as to allow only single molecules through, rejecting most contaminants. Unlike distillers, it allows oxygen to pass through, so RO water isn't dead tasting.

Typical units produce water drop by drop, so they need a pressurized tank to store the result for fast access. It's also rather inefficient in that it may take up to 5 liters of water to produce one clean liter. membranes must be replaced by a qualified tradesperson.

ACTIVATED CARBON FILTERS

(also called carbon filters) treat general taste and odor problems, including chlorine residue. When water flows through carbon filters, contaminants adsorb or stick to the surfaces of the carbon particles. Activated carbon filters are reported to be the best method available for removing specific organic chemicals, including some pesticide residues. Studies have also shown that GAC (granular activated carbon) adsorption is an effective method for radon removal. Mechanical filters trap, through a straining process, sand, dirt, and other suspended particles to reduce turbidity in water.

Carbon water filter devices are available in several sizes and designs. Small units fit on kitchen taps. Large under-sink units, often called in-line filters, are designed to treat up to 1500 gallons. On such a unit the canister is connected to the cold water line. Other styles are available that treat all household water.

Activated Carbon water filters are used in all of our Ionizing Water Filters because they allow beneficial soluble minerals to pass through the filter, into the ionizing chamber and out into the alkaline ionized microclustered water. they are relatively inexpensive to replace and ensure a continued high standard of filtration.

Results of test on JUPITER WATER FILTER carried out by Seoul Department of Environment and Public Health

Laboratory comparison test of tap water and ionized water

Type of Contaminant	Before Filter	After Filter
Total Colony Counts	Below 100 CFU/mL	Not detected
Total Coliforms	Not detected -/100mL	Not detected
E.coli	Not detected -/100mL	Not detected
Pb - Lead	Below 0.05 mg/L	Not detected
F - Iron	Below 1.5 mg/L	Not detected
As - Arsenic	Below 0.05 mg/L	Not detected
Se - Selenium	Below 0.01 mg/L	Not detected
Hg - Mercury	Below 0.001 mg/L	Not detected
CN - Cyanide	Below 0.01 mg/L	Not detected
Cr6+ - Chromium Iron	Below 0.05 mg/L	Not detected
NH3-N - Ammonia	Below 0.5 mg/L	Not detected
NO3-N - Nitrate	Below 10 mg/L	1.4 mg/L
Cd - Cadmium	Below 0.005 mg/L	Not detected
B - Boron	Below 0.3 mg/L	Not detected
Phenol	Below 0.005 mg/L	Not detected
Diazinon	Below 0.02 mg/L	Not detected
Parathion	Below 0.06 mg/L	Not detected
Fenitrothion	Below 0.04 mg/L	Not detected
Carbaryl	Below 0.07 mg/L	Not detected
1.1.1-Trichoroethane	Below 0.1 mg/L	Not detected
PCE Poly Chlorine Ethelyne	Below 0.01 mg/L	Not detected
TCE Tetra Chlorine Ethelyne	Below 0.03 mg/L	Not detected
Dichloromethane	Below 0.02 mg/L	Not detected
Benzene	Below 0.01 mg/L	Not detected
Toluene	Below 0.7 mg/L	Not detected
Ethyl benzene	Below 0.3 mg/L	Not detected
Xylene	Below 0.5 mg/L	Not detected
1.1-Dichloroethylene	Below 0.03 mg/L	Not detected
Carbon tetrachloride	Below 0.002 mg/L	Not detected
1,2-Dibromo-3-chlopropane	Below 0.003 mg/L	Not detected
Free residual chlorine	Below 4.0 mg/L	Not detected
THMs Tetra Halogen	Below 0.1 mg/L	Not detected
Chloroform	Below 0.08 mg/L	Not detected
Hardness	Below 300 mg/L	71 mg/L
Consumption of KMnO4	Below 10 mg/L	1.6 mg/L
Odour	Odourless	Odourless
Taste	Tasteless	Tasteless
Cu Copper	Below 1 mg/L	Not detected
Colour	Below 5 degree	Not detected
ABS	Below 0.5 mg/L	Not detected
pH	5.8 ~ 8.5	8.3
Zn - Zinc	Below 1.0 mg/L	Not detected
CI - Chlorine ion	Below 250 mg/L	14 mg/L
Total solids	Below 500 mg/L	108 mg/L
Fe - Iron	Below 0.3 mg/L	Not detected
Mn - Manganese	Below 0.3 mg/L	Not detected
Turbidity	Below 0.5 NTU	0.14 NTU
SO4-2 - Sulphate	Below 200 mg/L	18 mg/L
Al - Aluminium	Below 0.2 mg/L	Not detected

Measure the NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was developed in the fifties as a tool to investigate cellular pathology and may also be employed to measure molecular cluster size and the pH inside cells. The South Korean manufacturer of the water ionizer has recorded the following NMR measurements for the sizes of various water clusters. Hertz (Hz) measures cluster size. Lower Hz indicates less resistance of water into cells, therefore increased absorption.   Ionized Alkaline Water (5-6 H2O molecule cluster size, regular shape) 53Hz Naturally occurring Spa water 80 Hz Village water (human longevity) 80 Hz Mineral ground water 94 Hz City water (10-13 H2O molecule cluster size, irregular shape) 120Hz

Meassure the Electrical Charge (life force) Measuring the frequency of the electrical charge around a substance in megahertz (MHz) is considered to be an indicator of vitality. Fresh organic produce and freshly ionized water has been found to exhibit a high level of vital energy whilst processed food and ordinary tap water have been found to have a low electrical charge and low frequency. Food Item Average energy Canned foods 0 MHz Chocolate cake 2 MHz Kentucky chicken 3 MHz Big Mac 5 MHz Synthetic vitamin and mineral supplements 20 MHz Ionized water 60 MHz Fresh fruit 67 MHz Green vegetables 80 MHz